Curative effects of Beck's cognitive therapy combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation on post-stroke sleep disorders in patients / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the curative effects of Beck's cognitive therapy (BCT) combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on post-stroke sleep disorders in patients.Methods:A total of 120 patients with post-stroke sleep disorders who were diagnosed and treated in Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between January and December 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo TMS (TMS group), BCT (BCT group), or TMS plus BCT (combined group) ( n = 40/group). Before and after treatment, sleep quality and mental state scores were evaluated in each group. Results:After treatment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score in the combined group [(5.68 ± 0.33) points] was significantly lower than that in the TMS group [(9.11 ± 0.83) points] and BCT group [(11.37 ± 1.06) points, F = 512.63, P < 0.001]. Sleep efficiency in the combined group [(56.73 ± 2.62)%] was significantly higher than that in the TMS group [(39.55 ± 3.02)%] and BCT group [(35.23 ± 1.41)%, F = 863.59, P < 0.001]. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores were significantly lower in the combined group compared with the TMS and BCT groups ( F = 412.52, 310.60, both P < 0.001). Conclusion:BCT combined with TMS can effectively improve sleep quality and reduce negative emotions in patients with post-stroke sleep disorders.

Effects of computerized cognitive remediation therapy combined with social skill training on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of computerized cognitive remediation therapy (CCRT) combined with social skill training on the improvement of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.Methods:A total of 102 schizophrenic patients who received treatment in Shanxi Province Social Welfare Kangning Psychiatry Hospital from March 2019 to June 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group ( n = 51/group). During the intervention process, because of the reasons such as midway discharge, only 93 patients were included in the final analysis, consisting of 47 patients in the intervention group and 46 patients in the control group. All patients received social skills training. Patients in the intervention group received 8-week CCRT. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Social Skills Checklist were used to evaluate curative effect in the two groups. Results:After treatment, total score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the score of negative symptoms in the intervention group were (46.36 ± 9.33) points and (11.15 ± 3.53) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than (51.06 ± 10.26) points and (16.42 ± 4.75) points in the control group ( t = 2.07, 5.41, both P < 0.05). The total score of Social Skills Checklist, conflict resolution ability score and relationship building ability score in the intervention group were (16.05 ± 6.85) points, (3.36 ± 1.65) points and (3.14 ± 1.83) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than (21.08 ± 8.24) points, (5.92 ± 2.35) points and (6.75 ± 2.51) points, respectively ( t = 2.87, 5.34, 7.00, all P < 0.01). Conclusion:CCRT combined with social skill training can effectively improve the negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.

Qualitative research on the adherence of mindfulness practice in psychological counseling outpatients / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the barriers and facilitators of the adherence of formal practice after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy （MBCT） in psychological counseling outpatients. MethodsOne-on-one interview was conducted in 15 psychological counseling outpatients who attended MBCT at Shanghai Mental Health Center and had been out of treatment 5 months or more. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsPoor mood， weak willpower， limited time and space， lack of companionship and supervision， and discomfort with the recording were the five factors that prevented the patients from sticking to their practice. Personality trait， trust， benefit， need for self-care， time/space arrangement， fellow practitioners， therapists， and ease and convenience of practice were the eight factors that promoted the patients to practice. ConclusionThe COM-B model helps therapists and individuals with practice needs to understand the mechanism of formal practice facilitators at a holistic level. Therapists and individuals with practice needs should be concerned about possible barriers on the adherence of formal practice.

Evaluation of the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the psychological emotions and quality of life of patients undergoing radiotherapy for cancer / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of positive cognitive therapy in improving anxiety and depression, psychological distress, positive awareness, and quality of life in cancer patients, with a view to providing an experience for practical clinical application.Methods:This study was a quasi experimental study, in which 96 patients with cancer radiotherapy attending Shanghai Proton Heavy Ion Center from April 2019 to January 2021 were selected as study subjects by convenience sampling, and were divided into 47 cases in the intervention group and 49 cases in the control group according to the district group randomization method. The control group was given conventional psychological care and health education, and instructed to learn the audio and video of positive cognitive therapy at the end of the study; the intervention group was given 8 sessions of positive cognitive therapy over a period of 4 weeks. At the end of the intervention, the Pdistress Thermometer, the Generalized Anxiety Inventory, the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Inventory, the Brief Version of the Five Factor Positive Thinking Inventory, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 were used to compare the psychological distress, anxiety and depression, positive cognitive awareness and quality of life of the two groups.Results:After the implementation of the positive cognitive therapy intervention, the incidence rate of anxiety and depression in the intervention group was 12.8% (6/47) and 14.9% (7/47), respectively, both of which were significantly lower than the 30.6% (15/49) and 32.7% (16/49) in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( χ2=3.80, 3.89, both P<0.05); after intervention the scores on the observation, description and perceived action dimensions of the Brief Version of the Five Factor Positive Thinking Scale were (23.8 ± 6.5), (28.6 ± 5.4) and (31.3 ± 5.3) respectively, all significantly higher than those of the control group (20.0 ± 5.1), (23.7 ± 5.5) and (26.9±6.2), the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.79, 3.59, 3.21, all P<0.05); the post-intervention score on the Emotional Functioning dimension of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Scale (94.3 ± 7.4) was significantly higher than that of the control group (88.8 ± 11.4), with a statistically significant difference ( t=-2.28, P<0.05). Conclusions:Positive cognitive therapy is effective in relieving anxiety and depression, increasing positive awareness, and improving emotional distress in cancer patients. It can be incorporated into the daily psychological care process of tumor patients, giving them appropriate guidance and support to help improve their psychological and quality of life.

Randomized trial of the efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: preliminary findings

Abstract Introduction Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the fourth most prevalent mental disorder and is a disabling condition. OCD is associated with anatomical and functional changes in the brain, in addition to dysfunctional cognitions. The treatments of choice are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and exposure and response prevention (ERP). Trial-based cognitive therapy (TBCT) is a recent and empirically validated psychotherapy with a focus on restructuring dysfunctional negative core beliefs (CBs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of TBCT relative to ERP for treatment of OCD. Methods A randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted, randomizing 26 patients for individual treatment with TBCT (n = 12) or ERP (n = 14). The groups were evaluated at baseline, at the end of 3 months (12 sessions), and at 3, 6, and 12-month follow-ups. Results Both approaches reduced the severity of symptoms with large effect sizes. These results were maintained at the 12-month follow-up assessment. Conclusion TBCT may be a valid and promising treatment for this disorder.

The influence of mindfulness cognitive therapy on the early maladaptive schema in patients with depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of mindfulness-base cognitive therapy (MBCT) in improving patients with depression, and to explore its effect on patients early maladaptive schemas (EMSs).Methods:Sixty patients with depressive disorder were included in the pre- and post-control design, and MBCT treatment was carried out for 8 weeks. The Hamilton depression scale-17 (HAMD-17), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ), and Young schema questionnaire-short form (YSQ-SF) were used for evaluation. The scores of the three time points were compared by one-way repeated measure ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between the improvement degree of depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as the changes of mindfulness level and schema.Results:There were significant differences in the total scores of HAMD-17, HAMA and FFMQ at baseline((15.4±5.0), (21.0±9.6), (115.8±11.7)), 4 weeks after intervention((11.4±6.7), (15.9±10.1), (121.9±14.2)) and 8 weeks((11.0±6.2), (15.4±8.7), (122.6±15.5)) after intervention ( F=25.22, 20.95, 14.02, all P<0.01). Further pairwise comparison, compared with baseline, the total scores of HAMD-17 and HAMA in patients with depression decreased (all P<0.05), and the total scores of FFMQ increased (all P<0.05) in 8 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment.There were no significant differences in the total scores of HAMD-17, HAMA and FFMQ between 8 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment (all P>0.05). There were significant differences on the scores of the emotional deprivation, abandonment/instability, failure, vulner ability to harm or illness, enmeshment/undeveloped self, unrelenting standards/hypercriticalness, and entitlement/grandiosity subscales in the YSQ-SF( H=2.00-17.11, all P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the FFMQ total score difference has a linear relationship with the HAMA total score difference ( β=-0.363). There was a linear relationship between the emotional deprivation scale score difference and the HAMD-17 total score difference ( β=-0.292). Dependence/incompetence and submission scale score difference showed a linear relationship with the HAMA total score difference ( β=0.334, 0.278). Conclusion:MBCT can improve the anxiety and depression symptoms of patients with depression, and the improvement of some EMSs may be the mechanism of MBCT in the treatment of depression.

Research progress on psychotherapy for dental anxiety / 口腔疾病防治

@#Dental anxiety refers to the unique tension, worry and even fear of dental treatment, which may lead to patients refusing to receive treatment and missing the best time for treatment. With the development of bio-psycho-social medical models, psychotherapy has gradually become the optimal treatment for dental anxiety. This article reviewed the etiology, evaluation and psychotherapy of dental anxiety. Research has shown that uncomfortable dental treatment experience is the main cause of dental anxiety, which is commonly assessed using questionnaires in clinical practice. Psychotherapy for dental anxiety is a noninvasive, widely applicable treatment without side effects, mainly including improving the treatment environment and service attitude, behavior therapy, and cognitive therapy, which has been shown to effectively alleviate dental anxiety in patients. However, psychotherapy for dental anxiety is highly demanding for dentists, which hinders its promotion and application. At the same time, the psychotherapeutic mechanism of dental anxiety is not clear and remains to be further elucidated by large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled studies.

Effects of Naikan cognitive-music reminiscence therapy on coping style for female patients with chronic schizophrenia / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the effect of Naikan cognitive-music reminiscence therapy on coping style in female patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods In May, 2020, 72 female patients with chronic schizophrenia from Beijing Huilongguan Hospital were assigned into control group (n = 48) and music group (n = 24) after trait matching. Both groups accepted routine medicine, while the control group accepted Naikan cognitive therapy, and the music group accepted Naikan cognitive therapy combined music reminiscence, for twelve weeks. They were blind assessed with Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Self-rating Depression Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale before and after intervention.Results There were five cases in the control group removed for erroneous response. The main effects of group were not significant for all the assessments (F < 0.567, P > 0.05). The main effect of time was significant for negative coping style score (F = 6.968, P = 0.01), and the interaction effects were significant for positive coping style score and Self-rating Depression Scale score (F > 4.227, P < 0.05).Conclusion Combining with music reminiscence, Naikan cognitive therapy may be advantageous for the coping style of female patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Inserção das estratégias cognitivo-comportamentais no CAPS álcool e drogas / Insertion of cognitive-behavioral strategies in CAPS for alcohol and drugs / inserción de estrategias cognitivo-conductuales en CAPS alcohol y drogas

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção de psicólogos que trabalham em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial para Álcool e Drogas sobre a inserção de estratégias das terapias cognitivo-comportamentais para o tratamento de dependência de álcool e outras drogas em sua prática. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo de caráter exploratório, por meio de entrevistas com 16 psicólogos que atuam no Rio de Janeiro e em Minas Gerais. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Os resultados apontam que, na percepção dos psicólogos, essas estratégias são passíveis de serem adotadas por esses centros e conferem bons resultados ao tratamento, embora haja limitações na formação especializada em terapia cognitivo-comportamental para lidar com a dependência de drogas entre os participantes. São discutidas a contribuição dessas terapias para a prática baseada em evidências no serviço público no que se refere ao monitoramento e avaliação de resultados, bem como sua relação compatível com a estratégia de redução de danos e com a lógica do tratamento psicossocial. Apesar das terapias cognitivo-comportamentais serem reconhecidas em outros países como intervenções bem embasadas cientificamente e apresentarem características importantes para a saúde pública, persistem obstáculos para a adoção destas ferramentas no tratamento da dependência de álcool e outras drogas nos serviços de saúde mental no Brasil.(AU)

This study aimed to understand the perception of psychologists who work in Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs about the inclusion of cognitive-behavioral therapies for treating addiction to alcohol and other drugs in their practice. A qualitative exploratory study was carried out, by interviewing 16 psychologists who work in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. The collected data were analyzed with Bardin's thematic content analysis. The results show that, in the psychologists' perception, these strategies are likely to be adopted in the centers and provide good results to the treatment, despite limitations in the specialized training in cognitive-behavioral therapies for dealing with drug addiction among the participants. The contribution of these therapies to evidence-based practice in the public service concerning monitoring and evaluation of results, and their compatible relationship with the harm reduction strategy and with the logic of psychosocial treatment are discussed. Although cognitive-behavioral therapies are recognized in other countries as well-founded scientific processes and provide essential characteristics for public health, challenges persist for adopting these tools in the treatment of addiction to alcohol and other drug in mental health services in Brazil.(AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender la percepción de los psicólogos que trabajan en Centros de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Drogas sobre la inserción de estrategias de terapia cognitivo-conductual para el tratamiento de la adicción al alcohol y otras drogas en su práctica. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio cualitativo, a través de entrevistas con dieciséis psicólogos que trabajan en los estados de Rio de Janeiro y Minas Gerais. Los datos recopilados se analizaron mediante el análisis de contenido temático de Bardin. Los resultados muestran que, en la percepción de los psicólogos, es probable que estas estrategias se adopten en el estos centros y proporcionen buenos resultados en el tratamiento, aunque existen limitaciones en la formación especializada en terapia cognitivo-conductual para la adicción a las drogas entre los participantes. Se discute la contribución de esas terapias a la práctica basada en la evidencia en el servicio público con respecto al seguimiento y evaluación de resultados, así como su relación compatible con la estrategia de Reducción de Daños y con la lógica del tratamiento psicosocial. Aunque las terapias cognitivo-conductuales sean reconocidas en otros países como intervenciones científicamente bien fundamentadas y brinden características importantes para la salud pública, persisten obstáculos para la adopción de estas herramientas en el tratamiento de la adicción al alcohol y otras drogas en los servicios de salud mental en Brasil.(AU)

Caso clínico de un adulto con trastorno de personalidad obsesivo-compulsiva según clasificación del DSM-V / Clinical Case of an Adult with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder According to the DSM-V Classification

Resumen Esta investigación presenta el caso clínico de un adulto que padece un trastorno de la personalidad obsesivo-compulsiva. El objetivo es presentar en detalle el procedimiento seguido en los consultorios de psicología de la Universidad de Ibagué mediante la integración de técnicas cognitivas y humanistas mostrando la eficacia y viabilidad de este tratamiento y su aplicación. Los resultados obtenidos, muestran mejorías relevantes como: mayor flexibilidad cognitiva, disminución de la activación fisiológica producto de la alteración emocional y ansiedad ante la falta de control, adquisición de habilidades para la solución de problemas, autocontrol emocional y de los pensamientos acerca de la percepción de sí mismo y de los demás. Se concluye que la formulación clínica cognitivo-humanista y el tratamiento ofrecido resultó pertinente y efectivo respecto a los objetivos terapéuticos perseguidos.

Abstract This research presents the clinical case of an adult with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. The objective is to present in detail the procedure followed in the psychology offices of the University of Ibague by integrating cognitive and humanistic techniques to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of this treatment and its application. The results obtained show relevant improvements, such as greater cognitive flexibility, a decrease of physiological activation as a result of emotional alteration and anxiety in the face of lack of control, acquisition of problem-solving skills, emotional self-control, and control of thoughts about the perception of oneself and others. It is concluded that the cognitive-humanistic intervention and the treatment given were pertinent and effective for the therapeutic objectives pursued.

Brief online behavioral cognitive intervention for anxiety symptoms: what was learned during and for after the pandemic period?

Cognitive therapies comprise a widely recognized group of psychological interventions with considerable empirical support for different mental health conditions. These interventions can be used both in a traditional clinical setting and in crisis situations, especially those involving self-perception of overestimated risk, high vulnerability, and low coping capacity. The world is currently under a crisis, specifically, the COVID-19 pandemic, which can bring substantial impact on people's routine and cause significant psychological distress. In this context, telehealth interventions are becoming a standard practice and, thus, cognitive therapists could also support patients and people in the general population using this tool for the emerging issues. This text provides a brief overview of the main issues that may arise in the current pandemic situation as possible targets for the practice of cognitive therapists and the main evidence-based strategies that could be used in this context.(AU)

As terapias cognitivas compreendem um grupo amplamente reconhecido de intervenções psicológicas, com considerável suporte empírico para diferentes condições de saúde mental. Essas intervenções podem ser utilizadas tanto em ambiente clínico tradicional quanto em situações de crise, principalmente aquelas envolvendo autopercepção de risco superestimado, alta vulnerabilidade e baixa capacidade de enfrentamento. O mundo vive atualmente uma situação de crise, especificamente, a pandemia de COVID-19, que pode trazer um impacto substancial na rotina das pessoas e causar sofrimento psicológico significativo. Nesse contexto, as intervenções de cuidado online estão se tornando uma prática padrão e, assim, os terapeutas cognitivos também poderiam apoiar seus pacientes e pessoas da população em geral usando esta ferramenta para as questões emergentes. Este texto fornece uma breve visão geral das principais questões que podem surgir na atual situação de pandemia como possíveis alvos para a prática de terapeutas cognitivos e as principais estratégias baseadas em evidências que podem ser utilizadas por eles neste contexto.(AU)

Las terapias cognitivas comprenden un grupo ampliamente reconocido de intervenciones psicológicas, con considerable apoyo empírico para diferentes condiciones de salud mental. Estas intervenciones pueden utilizarse tanto en un entorno clínico tradicional como en situaciones de crisis, especialmente aquellas que implican un riesgo auto percibido sobrestimado, alta vulnerabilidad y baja capacidad de afrontamiento. El mundo atraviesa actualmente una situación de crisis, específicamente la pandemia de COVID-19, que puede tener un impacto sustancial en la rutina de las personas y causar una angustia psicológica significativa. En este contexto, las intervenciones de atención en línea se están convirtiendo en una práctica estándar y, por lo tanto, los terapeutas cognitivos también podrían ayudar a sus pacientes y personas en la población general utilizando esta herramienta para problemas emergentes. Este texto ofrece una breve descripción de los principales problemas que pueden surgir en la situación pandémica actual como posibles objetivos para la práctica de los terapeutas cognitivos y las principales estrategias basadas en la evidencia que pueden ser utilizadas por ellos en este contexto.(AU)

A Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental Aplicada ao CAPS ad: Uma Revisão de Escopo / The Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Applied to CAPS ad: A Scope Review / La Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual Aplicada al CAPS ad: Una Revisión del Alcance

Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de escopo sobre estratégias cognitivas e/ou comportamentais empregadas no tratamento de dependência de álcool e outras drogas no mundo, assim como levantar estudos sobre o uso destas abordagens em CAPS ad no Brasil. Foram levantados artigos de revisão sobre "estratégias cognitivas ou comportamentais para tratamento de dependência de álcool e outras drogas" e publicações com o tema "uso de terapias cognitivas e/ou comportamentais em CAPS ad". Foram encontradas apenas cinco publicações relatando emprego de terapias cognitivas e comportamentais em CAPS ad. Estes estudos descreveram intervenções em grupos coordenados por psicólogos, enfermeiros ou outros profissionais de nível superior. Foram incluídos ainda 23 artigos de revisão sobre resultados de tratamentos de base cognitivo-comportamental para tratamento de dependência de álcool e outras drogas. Conclui-se que as estratégias cognitivo-comportamentais apresentam várias características vantajosas à saúde pública, como a possibilidade de sistematização em protocolos, o que facilita sua aplicação e avaliação de resultados terapêuticos. No entanto, persistem obstáculos para adoção desta abordagem nos serviços de saúde mental no Brasil, sendo então necessário avançar no desenvolvimento de instrumentos de políticas públicas que permitam a difusão de boas práticas de intervenções comprovadamente custo-efetivas e acessíveis à população. (AU)

This study aims to conduct an escope review on the use of cognitive-behavioral approaches to treatment of alcohol and other drug addiction in CAPS ad, as well as find studies on the use of this approach in CAPS ad in Brazil. We conducted searches with the theme "use of cognitive and / or behavioral therapies in CAPS ad" and review articles on "cognitive or behavioral strategies for treatment of alcohol and other drug dependence". Only five publications were found reporting the use of cognitive and behavioral therapies in CAPS ad. These studies described interventions in groups coordinated by psychologists, nurses or other graduated professionals. Twenty-three review articles on outcomes of cognitive-behavioral treatments for addiction treatment of alcohol and other drugs were also included. We concluded that cognitive-behavioral strategies showcase several advantageous characteristics to public health, such as the possibility of systematization in protocols, which facilitates their application and evaluation of therapeutic results. However, obstacles to the adoption of this approach in mental health services in Brazil persist, so it is necessary to advance in developing public policy instruments that allow the dissemination of good practices in interventions that are proven to be cost-effective and accessible to the population. (AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión del alcance sobre el empleo de abordajes cognitivo-conductuales para tratamiento de dependencia de alcohol y otras drogas en los CAPS ad en Brasil. Se levantaron publicaciones con el tema "uso de terapias cognitivas y/o conductuales en CAPS ad" y artículos de revisión sobre "estrategias cognitivas o conductuales para el tratamiento de la dependencia del alcohol y otras drogas". Se encontraron sólo cinco publicaciones que relatan empleo de terapias cognitivas y conductuales en CAPS ad. Estos estudios describieron intervenciones en grupos coordinados por psicólogos, enfermeros u otros profesionales de nivel superior. Se incluyeron 23 artículos de revisión sobre resultados de tratamientos de base cognitivo-conductual para tratamiento de dependencia de alcohol y otras drogas. Se concluye que las estrategias cognitivo-conductuales presentan varias características ventajosas para la salud pública, como la posibilidad de sistematización en protocolos, lo que facilita su aplicación y evaluación de resultados terapéuticos. Sin embargo, persisten obstáculos para la adopción de este enfoque en los servicios de salud mental en Brasil, por lo que es necesario avanzar en el desarrollo de instrumentos de política pública que permitan la difusión de buenas prácticas de intervenciones que demuestren ser costo-efectivas y accesibles a la población. (AU)

Abordagem cognitivo-comportamental na escola: possibilidades de intervenção / Cognitive behavioral approach at school: possibilities for intervention

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é descrever técnicas grupais desenvolvidas nas turmas do 3º e 6º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal situada em uma cidade do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As técnicas tiveram o intuito de intervir em demandas escolares associadas a relações interpessoais e comportamentos desafiadores e opositores tendo como base os pressupostos teóricos e práticos da abordagem cognitivo-comportamental. Os grupos foram homogêneos, com média de 10 estudantes, com objetivo de psicoeducação e de orientação/ treinamento, visando a promoção de saúde na escola. A experiência relatada colabora com a práxis metodológica da área a qual pertence, oferecendo relatos de práticas singulares que podem ser adaptadas a outros contextos e demandas escolares similares.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to describe group techniques that have developed in the 3rd and 6th grade classes of a municipal school located in a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. These techniques, based on the theoretical and practical assumptions of cognitive behavioral theory, have intended to intervene in school demands related to interpersonal relationships and challenging behavior and opposing behaviors. The groups have been homogeneous, with an average of 10 students, aiming at psychoeducation and orientation / training, with the objective at to promote health at school. The reported experience collaborates with the methodological praxis of the area to which it belongs, offering reports of singular practices that can be adapted to other similar contexts and school demands.

Relações familiares e cognições disfuncionais de adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática / Family relations and adolescents dysfunctional cognitions: a systematic review / Relaciones familiares y cogniciones disfuncionales de los adolescentes: una revisión sistemática

O bom funcionamento familiar é fundamental para o desenvolvimento saudável e cognitivo de crianças e adolescentes. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi reunir, sistematizar e analisar pesquisas que tratassem da associação entre relações familiares e cognições disfuncionais dos filhos entre 2008 e 2019. A partir da busca em cinco bases de dados, utilizando como referência o PRISMA, foram selecionados 13 artigos. A análise dos artigos indicou uma grande variedade de termos utilizados para descrever tanto as relações familiares (por exemplo, parentalidade, conflitos) quanto as cognições (cognições mal adaptativas, distorções cognitivas, crenças metacognitivas). Em termos das associações, foi encontrado um padrão entre relações familiares disfuncionais e cognições relacionadas à ansiedade. Diante dos achados, sugere-se que terapias infantojuvenis visem também o aprimoramento da capacidade parental de resolver problemas, com o objetivo de reduzir conflitos intrafamiliares.

A functional family environment is vital to the healthy and cognitive development of children and adolescents. In this sense, the aim of this study was to gather, systematize and analyze researches that addressed the connections between family relations and children's dysfunctional cognitions between 2008 and 2019. From the search in five databases, using PRISMA as a reference, 13 articles were selected. The analysis of the articles indicated a wide variety of terms used to describe both family relations (for example, parenting, conflicts) and cognitions (maladaptive cognitions, cognitive distortions, metacognitive beliefs). In terms of associations, a pattern was found between dysfunctional family relations and anxiety-related cognitions. Given the findings, it is suggested that children and adolescent therapies also aim at improving parental capacity to solve problems, with the objective of reducing intra-family conflicts.

El buen funcionamiento familiar es fundamental para el desarrollo saludable y cognitivo de niños y adolescentes. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue reunir, sistematizar y analizar investigaciones que abordaron las asociaciones entre las relaciones familiares y las cogniciones disfuncionales de los niños entre 2008 y 2019. De la búsqueda en cinco bases de datos, utilizando PRISMA como referencia, se seleccionaron 13 artículos. El análisis de los artículos indicó una amplia variedad de términos utilizados para describir tanto las relaciones familiares (por ejemplo, la paternidad, los conflictos) como las cogniciones (cogniciones desadaptativas, distorsiones cognitivas, creencias metacognitivas). En términos de asociaciones, se encontró un patrón entre las relaciones familiares disfuncionales y las cogniciones relacionadas con la ansiedad. Dados los hallazgos, se sugiere que las terapias infanto-juveniles tengan como objetivo mejorar la capacidad de los padres para resolver problemas, con el objetivo de reducir los conflictos intrafamiliares.

Current status and prospects of cognitive training for older adults with cognitive impairment / 中华老年医学杂志

Cognitive training is an important non-pharmaceutical intervention for older adults with cognitive impairment.It can improve cognitive function and life skills through training in different cognitive domains.Here we review the previous research on different types of cognitive training, examine the effect of cognitive training on cognitive improvement in older adults with cognitive impairment, and analyze the underlying neural mechanisms.In addition, we also identify deficiencies in the designs of previous research and propose how research protocols and training efficacy can be improved in the future.

The effect of adaptive cognitive training on cognitive function in the elderly: a review / 中华老年医学杂志

Current studies have found that cognitive training has a significant effect on the improvement of training task performance in the elderly, but the training effects are difficult to transfer to untrained cognitive tasks.Recent studies have found that adaptive cognitive training can obtain better transfer effects.This article focuses on the transfer and maintenance effects of adaptive cognitive training; reviews recent research on brain mechanisms related to adaptive cognitive training; analyzes existing problems in the field, and proposes further studies to explore ways for effective implementation of adaptive cognitive training with continuously challenging tasks and to elucidate the cognitive and neural mechanisms related to the transfer effects.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Drug Use: A Systematic Review / Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso e Uso de Drogas: Uma Revisão Sistemática / Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso y Uso de Drogas: Una Revisión Sistemática

Abstract The harmful use of psychoactive substances has been considered one of the biggest public health issues. Several approaches are used for the treatment of disorders related to substance use in the face of the challenges imposed. This study aimed to identify the empirical works that used ACT for the treatment of substance use and their respective results regarding acceptance, feasibility, and reduction in the severity of dependence, as well as the results related to comorbidities and other aspects associated with drugs use by a systematic review of the literature on the subject, using the recommendations of the Preferred Report Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guide and searches in PubMed, APA PsycNET, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, VHL, and LILACS. In total, 17 studies were analyzed, allowing the observation of an increase in psychological flexibility, attenuation of treatment dropout rates, and a reduction in substance use in the analyzed interventions.

Resumo O uso prejudicial de substâncias psicoativas tem sido considerado um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública. Diversas abordagens são utilizadas para o tratamento dos transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias diante dos desafios impostos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar os trabalhos empíricos que utilizaram a ACT para o tratamento do uso de substâncias e seus respectivos resultados no que diz respeito à aceitação, viabilidade e redução da gravidade da dependência, bem como nos resultados relacionados às comorbidades e demais aspectos associados ao uso através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca do tema, utilizando-se das recomendações do guia Preferred Report Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) e buscas nas bases Pubmed, APA PsycNET, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, BVS e LILACS. Foram analisados 17 estudos, permitindo observar aumento da flexibilidade psicológica, atenuação das taxas de abandono do tratamento e redução do consumo de substâncias nas intervenções analisadas.

Resumen El uso nocivo de sustancias psicoactivas se ha considerado como uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública. Se utilizan varios enfoques para el tratamiento de los trastornos relacionados con el consumo de sustancias frente a los desafíos impuestos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los trabajos empíricos que utilizaron ACT para el tratamiento del consumo de sustancias y sus respectivos resultados en cuanto a la aceptación, viabilidad y reducción de la gravedad de la dependencia, así como los resultados relacionados con las comorbilidades y otros aspectos asociados al uso, desde una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el tema y utilizando las recomendaciones de la guía Preferred Report Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) y búsquedas en PubMed, APA PsycNET, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, VHL y LILACS. Se analizaron 17 estudios, lo que permitió observar un aumento de la flexibilidad psicológica, una atenuación de las tasas de abandono del tratamiento y una reducción del consumo de sustancias en las intervenciones analizadas.

Evaluation of FunFRIENDS program in prevention of anxiety in Brazilian children: a randomized controlled pilot trial / Avaliação do programa FunFRIENDS na prevenção da ansiedade em crianças brasileiras: um estudo piloto randomizado controlado

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the FunFRIENDS protocol on anxiety symptoms, internalizing problems and prosocial behavior in 4- to 5-year old children. Participated of this study 43 children with an allocation ratio of 1:1 between groups (Intervention Group [IG], N = 21; Control Group [CG], N = 22) from a public school in the city of Sao Paulo participated in the study. Behaviors were evaluated by using standardized questionnaires (PAS, CBCL, SDQ, SCBE) assessing the behavioral profile of the children at three different periods; baseline (T0), one month (T1) and three months (T2) after the intervention. It was observed a reduction in the intensity of anxiety symptoms in the IG after the intervention but with no significant effect. Overall, there were no significant differences between the IG and the CG in most behaviors on all periods evaluated. On both Intention-to-Treat analyses also it was not detected significant effects of the intervention. This is the first Brazilian study evaluating the effects of FunFRIENDS program and the implications of these findings are discussed and its significance for future research.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do protocolo FunFRIENDS sobre sintomas de ansiedade, problemas de internalização e comportamento pró-social em crianças de 4 a 5 anos de idade. Participaram 43 crianças que foram alocadas na proporção de 1:1 entre os grupos: (Grupo Intervenção [GI], N = 21; Grupo Controle [GC], N = 22) de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. Os comportamentos foram avaliados por meio de questionários padronizados (PAS, CBCL, SDQ, SCBE), que avaliaram o perfil comportamental das crianças em três momentos distintos; linha de base (T0), um mês (T1) e três meses (T2) após a intervenção. Observou-se uma redução na intensidade dos sintomas de ansiedade no GI após a intervenção, mas sem efeito significativo. De forma geral, não houve diferenças significativas entre o GI e o GC na maioria dos comportamentos em todos os períodos avaliados. Nas duas análises de Intenção-de-Tratar, também não foram detectados efeitos significantes da intervenção. Este é o primeiro estudo no Brasil avaliando os efeitos do programa FunFRIENDS e as implicações destes achados são discutidas para futuras pesquisas.

Fadiga mental ocasionada por tarefa cognitiva de imagética motora: análise sistemática / Mental failure occurred by the cognitive task of motor imagine: systematic analysis

O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar, por meio da revisão sistemática da literatura, os efeitos da fadiga mental provocada por uma tarefa cognitiva de imagética motora. Para a análise literária, foram utilizados os bancos de dados eletrônicos: Public Medline (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e Scopus. Foram analisados estudos experimentais, realizados em humanos, nos idiomas português e inglês, publicados de 2004 a 2019. As palavras chaves utilizadas foram: motor imagery/ imagética motora, sustained attention/ atenção sustentada e mental fadigue/ fadiga mental. A tarefa de Imagética Motora (IM) é definida como uma execução mental do movimento do corpo, entretanto, sem nenhuma saída motora. Alguns autores sugerem que o indivíduo começaria a desenvolver fadiga acima de 60 trilhas de imagética motora. Dessa forma, pode comprometer os resultados de protocolos terapêuticos e/ou desportivos, além de desempenhar um risco eminente de problemas de saúde, como é o caso das doenças cardiovasculares, epiléticas e Karoshi (morte por excesso de trabalho). Sendo assim, em tarefas mais prolongadas, a fadiga mental diminui o desempenho na tarefa e aumenta o tempo para a sua execução. Portanto, conclui-se que o tempo da tarefa cognitiva interfere no tempo de reação devido a fadiga mental provocado pela tarefa cognitiva de atenção sustentada.

The general objective of this study is to analyze the effects of mental fatigue caused by cognitive task of motor imagery through the systematic analysis of the literature. For the literary analysis we used the electronic databases: Public Medline (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and Scopus. The experimental studieswere performed in humans, both Portuguese and English, published from 2004 to 2019. The keywords used were motor imagery, sustained attention and mental fatigue. The task of Motor Imagery (IM) it is as a mental execution of body movement, however, with not motor output response. Some authors suggest people begin to develop fatigue that over 60 tracks of motor imagery. In this way, it can compromise the results of therapeutic and/or sports protocols, as well as pose an imminent risk of health problems, such as cardiovascular diseases, epilepsy and Karoshi (death from overwork). Thus, in longer tasks, mental fatigue decreases performance on the task and increases the time for its execution. Therefore, it is conclusion that time of the cognitive task interferes in the reaction time due to the mental fatigue caused by the cognitive task of sustained attention.

Translation, adaptation, and evidence of content validity of the Schema Mode Inventory / Tradução, adaptação e evidências de validade de conteúdo do schema mode inventory / Traducción, adaptación y evidencia de validez de contenido del inventario de modo de esquema

Content validity indicates the extent to which each item of an instrument measures the phenomenon of interest and its dimension within what it proposes to investigate. This research aimed to perform the translation and to raise the validity evidence of the Schema Mode Inventory instrument, thus initiating its cultural adaptation. Eight specialists from the Schema Therapy area participated as evaluators, who answered two instruments: one investigating the Content Validity Coefficient (CVC) and another one the Kappa Concordance Analysis. From the semantic bias, results show that a large part of the instrument measures what it proposes to measure, demonstrating content validity evidence for the Brazilian context (CVC: 0.56 to 0.99; Mean Kappa overall: 0.74).

A validade de conteúdo representa a extensão com que cada item de um instrumento comprova o fenômeno de interesse e sua dimensão dentro daquilo que se propõe a investigar. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram realizar a tradução e apresentar as evidências de validade de conteúdo do instrumento Schema Mode Inventory - versão reduzida, iniciando assim sua adaptação cultural. Para isso, participaram oito especialistas da área da Terapia do Esquema, que responderam a dois instrumentos: um que investiga o Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo (CVC) e outro que realiza a Análise de Concordância Kappa. Os resultados indicaram que, considerando o viés semântico, grande parte do instrumento mede o que sugere medir, possuindo então evidências de validade de conteúdo para o contexto brasileiro (CVC: de 0,56 a 0,99; Kappa médio geral: 0,74).

La validez de contenido representa la extensión con que cada elemento de un instrumento comprueba el fenómeno de interés y su dimensión dentro de lo que se propone investigar. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar la traducción y levantar las evidencias de validez de contenido del instrumento Schema Mode Inventory - versión reducida, iniciando así su adaptación cultural. Ocho especialistas del área de Terapia de esquema participaron como evaluadores, quienes respondieron dos instrumentos: uno investigando el Coeficiente de Validez del Contenido (CVC) y otro el Análisis de Concordancia Kappa. Los resultados indicaron que, por el sesgo semántico, gran parte del instrumento mide lo que sugiere medir, poseyendo entonces evidencias de validez de contenido para el contexto brasileño (CVC: 0,56 a 0,99; Kappa promedio general: 0,74).